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Types of treatments

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TEMPLE Y REVENIDO: El temple tiene por objeto endurecer y aumentar la resistencia de los aceros, para ello se calientan las piezas a la temperatura de temple o de austenización, y luego se enfrían más o menos rápido en un medio conveniente como el aceite.​  El revenido es un tratamiento que se da a las piezas que han sido previamente templadas; así se disminuye la dureza y la resistencia de los aceros templados, se eliminan las tensiones creadas en el temple y se mejora la tenacidad, quedando las piezas con la dureza y resistencia deseadas.

Tempering and tempering

The purpose of tempering is to harden and increase the strength of steels. To do this, the parts are heated to the tempering or austenization temperature and then cooled more or less quickly in a suitable medium such as oil.

Tempering is a treatment given to pieces that have been previously tempered; this reduces the hardness and resistance of the tempered steels, eliminates the tensions created during tempering and improves toughness, leaving the pieces with the desired hardness and resistance.

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The most common steels used for this process are: AISI 1045, 4140, 9840, 5160, 1050, 1060, 1075 in pieces tempered in Bach or semi-continuous furnaces such as: Screws, springs, bars, bolts and springs.

Carbonitriding, quenching and tempering

This is a widely used procedure today to harden the surface of steel. It consists of heating the parts to between 850°C and 900°C in a gaseous atmosphere, which simultaneously releases carbon and nitrogen into the steel, and then cooling it appropriately to obtain high hardness in the surface area.

Carbonitrurado, temple y revenido: Es un procedimiento muy empleado en la actualidad para endurecer superficialmente los aceros. Consiste en calentar las piezas entre 850°C y 900°C en atmósfera gaseosa, que cede al acero simultáneamente carbono y nitrógeno, y luego se enfría de forma adecuada para obtener alta dureza en la zona superficial.
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Carburizing, quenching and tempering

It is a procedure for surface hardening steels, it consists of heating the pieces between 850 and 930°C in a gaseous atmosphere that gives carbon to the steel in the peripheral zone and then it is cooled appropriately to obtain high hardness in the surface zone and low hardness in the core.

Normalized

It is a treatment that consists of heating the steel to a temperature slightly higher than the tempering temperature, followed by cooling in air. In all cases, it is applied with the purpose of leaving the steel with the structure and properties that can be considered normal for the following process in pieces: cast, overheated forgings, welded or with defective treatments. It is also used to cool the pieces inside the furnace, to prevent oxidation.

DALL·E 2024-12-30 10.55.29 - An industrial steel part with a normalized heat treatment fin

Annealing

It is a treatment that aims to lower the hardness of the steel; in other cases, in addition to lowering the hardness, it is necessary to regenerate the structure and eliminate internal stresses. Recommendations: low hardness is required in steels to meet the standards of a subsequent mechanical process.

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Relieved of efforts

It is a treatment that consists of heating the steel from 600 to 700°C and keeping it at this temperature for the time necessary according to the thickness of the piece and then cooling it in the air or slowly to eliminate residual stresses. Its objective is to release the stresses generated by manufacturing processes such as machining, welding and others where deformation of the grain size occurs due to the mechanical process developed.

RELEVADO DE ESFUERZOS: Es un tratamiento que consiste en calentar el acero de 600 a 700°C y mantenerlo a esta temperatura el tiempo necesario de acuerdo al espesor de la pieza para después enfriarlo al aire o lentamente para eliminar esfuerzos residuales. Su objetivo es liberar los esfuerzos generados por procesos de manufactura como maquinado, soldadura y otros donde se presente deformación al tamaño de grano por el proceso mecánico desarrollado.
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